Barriers to Higher Education for Girls in Pakistan: A Qualitative Exploration

Abstract

Education is a fundamental human right and a critical driver of individual and societal development. However, in Pakistan, girls' access to higher education remains constrained by socio-cultural, economic, gender-based, and safety-related barriers. This qualitative study investigates the lived experiences of eight Pakistani girls who were unable to pursue higher education due to these restrictions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed four main themes: financial difficulties, cultural and societal expectations, gender inequality, and safety concerns. These barriers are interconnected, significantly affecting girls' autonomy, emotional well-being, and future opportunities. The study emphasizes the need for multi-level interventions, including financial support, community awareness programs, safety measures, and supportive educational policies, to promote equitable access to higher education for girls. Understanding the perspectives of affected girls provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and community leaders to design culturally sensitive and practical solutions to reduce educational inequality in Pakistan.