Exploring the Problems and Challenges in Higher Education: Perspectives of University Faculties and Students

Abstract

Higher education plays a critical role in national development by producing skilled graduates, promoting research, and fostering innovation. However, public universities in Pakistan continue to face numerous challenges that affect educational quality and institutional effectiveness. This study explored the problems and challenges faced by students and faculty members in higher education institutions, with a particular focus on the University of Sargodha. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected students and faculty members and were analyzed using thematic analysis with the support of NVivo software. The findings revealed several interconnected challenges affecting higher education, including administrative inefficiency, inadequate infrastructure, outdated curricula, limited practical learning opportunities, ineffective assessment practices, insufficient technological resources, weak research culture, lack of career counseling services, and excessive administrative workload among faculty members. Students expressed dissatisfaction with rote learning, limited industry exposure, and inadequate academic support, while faculty members highlighted governance issues, resource shortages, curriculum limitations, and professional burnout. The study concludes that improving higher education requires comprehensive reforms focused on curriculum modernization, student-centered teaching, improved infrastructure, enhanced technological integration, stronger university-industry linkages, effective governance, and expanded student support services. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, university administrators, and educators seeking to improve the quality and effectiveness of higher education in Pakistan.