Predictive Policing and the Rule of Law: Evaluating AI’s Role in Criminal Justice through Global and Pakistani Legal Frameworks

Abstract

This paper looks into the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in preventing crimes on a legal front. It also points out the potential that AI has and the ethical and constitutional issues that may arise concerning it. Predictive policing by facial recognition and sophisticated surveillance is becoming more and more a part of the police force. Nevertheless, their application has significant implications for privacy, fairness, accountability, and the safeguard of fundamental rights. The study analyzes the approach to such problems that the existing legal systems take, compares the world models of laws, and reveals the gaps within the legal framework of Pakistan. It also takes into consideration the dangers of AI-based criminal justice and weighs the balance between citizen security and civil rights. Based on a qualitative methodology, the research suggests legal solutions that will allow AI to assist in the prevention of crimes without affecting human rights or the rule of law.