Emerging Trends of Radicalization among Youth: Case Study of Educational Institutions

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving phenomenon of radicalization among youth within educational institutions, with a particular focus on the socio-political and ideological dynamics at play in Pakistan. Amid global concerns about violent extremism, youth radicalization has emerged as a critical security and developmental challenge—especially in academic spaces traditionally seen as centers of learning and critical thought. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research explores how structural inequalities, identity crises, authoritarian pedagogies, and digital influences converge to foster radical orientations among students. Drawing on field interviews, observational data, and existing scholarship, the study finds that radicalization is not solely the result of ideological indoctrination, but is deeply rooted in experiences of exclusion, lack of critical engagement, and unmet psychological needs. Furthermore, the role of social media in accelerating ideological grooming and the failure of institutional counter-measures are critically examined. The research advocates for a shift from securitized responses to inclusive, student-centered reforms that promote civic engagement, empathy, and pluralism. By highlighting local realities and proposing holistic strategies, this paper offers fresh insights for academics, educators, and policymakers seeking to understand and address youth radicalization in educational settings. The findings underscore the urgency of educational transformation rooted in democratic values and intellectual freedom.