Beyond Digital Career Counseling: A Multidimensional Artificial Intelligence Framework for Personalized Career Guidance and Strategic Human Capital Development

Abstract

Career guidance systems are currently functioned as a 'reactive system', based on fragmented information on labor markets and limiting availability of career counselors, and the world labour market is moving through unprecedented changes due to automation, digital disruption and changing demands for skills. Today's concept of 'career development' continues to stand outside of national workforce development goals and their ability to address systemic workforce development needs. There is a lack of a coherent careermap Skills and National Human Capital agendas across individuals, systems, EPA, and the national level. This disintegration not only affects individual career achievement, but also creates problems of workforce competitiveness as a whole, especially in developing countries of the world with severe skills mismatch issues. A multiple-layered artificial intelligence system is developed here to go beyond one-to-one career counselling to creating a coherent, predictive and nationally integrated human capital development space. We carried out a systematic literature review comprising 80+ peer-reviewed publications from academic and practitioner sources across four categories--education, AI, career development, and labour economics and policy--combining theory with empirical findings and by comparing policies. This paper presents (1) a multi-dimensional AI career guidance framework concept integrating both individual career guidance and national intelligence perspectives, and skills and labor market perspectives; (2) a conceptual integration that spans from the micro-level of personalization to the macro-level of workforce development; (3) critical analyses of challenges on the implementation terrain of ethics, techniques and institutions; and (4) policy recommendations for responsible AI-integrated career ecosystems in different institutional contexts.