Multilingualism in Practice: Code-Switching in ESL Writing among Urdu Speakers in Faisalabad

Abstract

In order to explore the reasons behind the code-switching and the results of code-switching for academic practice and self-expression, the current research is going to examine the phenomenon of code-switching in multilingual ESL learners' writing in Faisalabad. 20 multilingual ESL learners and 5 ESL teachers were the sample of this qualitative research study. The data for this research was collected from ESL learners’ writing samples and interviews. The data showed that code-switching provided students with convenience in clarity, expression of identity and culture, and in case they do not find a suitable word in English. Moreover, because of the academic norms in writing, the ESL learners did not use code-switching in writing. Additionally, some teachers thought that code-switching is a major problem in ESL learners’ writing because the conventions in formal writing did not allow code-switching in the formal context, whereas other teachers perceived code-switching as a useful pedagogical tool. The study's findings suggest that rather than discouraging students from using code-switching and viewing it as a sign of academic weakness, educators should encourage its use in the classroom. The findings also suggest that there is a need of more inclusive approach towards the use of code-switching in ESL classrooms in teaching and learning.