The New Era of Pakistan-Iran Relations: Developments and Obstacles Since 2001

Abstract

In this research, a new era of neighboring Islamic states Pakistan-Iran relations has been studied in the context of the changing dynamics since 9/11. The two countries’ officials visited each other to enhance the relations. The obstacles in the development process between the two countries have been identified. Pakistan-Iran relations have been defined by a mix of cooperation, diplomatic engagement, and challenges, shaped by regional and global dynamics. Both states have prioritized high-level dialogues and agreements to strengthen bilateral ties, focusing on areas such as energy cooperation (e.g., the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline), trade enhancement, and border security. Shared concerns over terrorism, drug trafficking, and regional stability have further driven collaboration. However, the relationship has faced strains due to differing regional stances on Afghanistan, sectarian issues, and Pakistan's strategic ties with Saudi Arabia. Pakistan and Iran have trying to maintain a pragmatic approach, seeking to balance regional rivalries with mutual interests. The both states relations since 2001 reflect a concerted effort by both governments to navigate geopolitical challenges while fostering economic and strategic partnerships for long-term stability and growth. This imperative study used the analytical and quantitative through which primary and secondary sources have been consulted.