Urdu Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Compound Psychological Capital Scale (CPC-12R): Evidence from Intersex and Transgender Individuals in Pakistan

Abstract

Psychological capital enhances coping, motivation, and adaptive functioning (Luthans et al., 2007), yet its assessment is limited by a lack of culturally validated tools for marginalized populations especially gender-diverse communities in South Asia (World Health Organization, 2019).Addressing this need, the present study translated and psychometrically validated the Revised Compound Psychological Capital Scale (CPC-12R) for intersex and transgender individuals in Pakistan. Following International Test Commission (2017) guidelines, a rigorous multistep translation procedure was employed, including forward translation, expert panel review, blind back-translation, committee evaluation, and pilot testing to ensure linguistic and conceptual equivalence. Cross-language validity was examined in a sample of 30 participants, yielding strong inter-version (original and forward translation) correlations (r = .81**). Construct validity was established using a sample of 300 intersex and transgender individuals. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the original four-factor structure of psychological capital (naming hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy) with excellent model fit indices: df /χ² (48) = 62.99, p = .07, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .03, 90% CI [.00, .05], and SRMR = .03. Standardized factor loadings ranged from .72 to .83. Internal consistency across subscales was good (α = .80 to .85), and both composite reliability and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) met recommended thresholds. Discriminant validity was supported through Heterotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) ratios and the Fornell–Larcker criterion. These findings indicate that the Urdu version of the CPC-12R is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological capital among intersex and transgender populations in Pakistan. Therefore, this study addresses a critical gap in culturally appropriate assessment tools and provides a foundation for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing psychological well-being in marginalized gender-diverse communities.