Rise of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: Dynamics of Political Conundrum? Challenges and Consequences

Abstract

The re-emergence of the Taliban and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2021 present a profound challenge to regional stability, international security, and the theoretical underpinnings of political legitimacy in modern Muslim states. This article critically examines the geopolitical context, historical background, and theoretical frameworks that explain the Taliban's resurgence. It analyzes the domestic and international ramifications of Taliban rule, with specific focus on governance, human rights, regional geopolitics, and counterterrorism. Drawing on primary sources, scholarly analyses, and official reports, the study identifies the main drivers behind the Taliban's rapid takeover and assesses the prospects for Afghanistan's political future within the shifting paradigms of international law and Islamic governance. The analysis concludes with recommendations for international engagement aimed at promoting peace, stability, and respect for fundamental rights in Afghanistan.